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THREAD: uk russia nuclear war

LifeLine โ„ข ืžืขื“ื™ืข ืคึฟืขื“ืขื ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึทืคื™ืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึธื“ืขื ืึทืจื•ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ.

ืคึผืœืึทืคึผืœืขืŸ

ื•ื•ืืก ื–ืื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ืœื!

. . .

ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ื˜ื™ื™ืžืœื™ื™ืŸ

ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืคื™ื™ึทืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™
ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืจืึทืžื‘ืึทืœื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธื•ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง

ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืจืึทืžื‘ืึทืœื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธื•ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง

- ื ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึธื•ืจื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืจื•ืœื“ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืก ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ื•ืžืœืขื’ืึทืœ, ืžืึทืจืงื™ื ื’ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืืจ ื•ื•ืืก ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืœืขื’ืืœืข ื™ืžื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื™ืœืŸ. ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืงืœื™ื•ื• ืฉืขืœื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืœืืŸ ืคืขืœื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™.

ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืงืŸ ืงืืจื‘ืืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ื“ืขืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื™ ืคืœืืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื“ืขื” ืฆื• ื“ืจืืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืึทื ื–ืฉืขืจื™ื™ ื’ืึทื– ื™ืžื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ื™ื– 2030 ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ 2050. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืฉืขืœื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืจื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“," ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’.

ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืจืึธื ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืึทืจื’ื™ื•ื“ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืฆื• ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜. ื“ ื™ ื“ืื–ื™ืง ืข ืื•ื™ืืœืื– ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืืฆื™ืข , ื”ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ืŸ ืœืขื’ื™ืกืœืื˜ื™ื•ื• ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื–ื™ื›ื˜ , ืื• ืŸ ื”ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคื™ืœ ื˜ ื ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ึพืจืืœืข , ืื™ ืŸ ื“ืข ื ืคืœื ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืจืค ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ .

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืกืึทืง ืกืขื ื“ื– ืึท ืงืœืึธืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื–ืขื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืก ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืขื ืึทืœ ืคึผืึทืœืึทืกื™ื– ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.

ืคื™ื ืฃ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ืขืก ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืœืขื’ืึทื˜

ืคื™ื ืฃ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ืขืก ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืœืขื’ืึทื˜

- ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ืขืก ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืกืขืœืึทื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ Teya Jones, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืžื™ื™ืœืกื˜ืึธื•ืŸ: ืคื™ื ืฃ ืงืึธื ืกืขืงื•ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืืก ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง.

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 18 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜, Evie Jones ืฉื˜ืืœืฅ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื‘ืœืขืš-ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื’ืึทื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ืึธื“ืจื™ ืกืงื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืงืึธืจื– ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืึทืจื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืงืึทื“ืขืก.

ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” 'ืก ื™ื™ื›ืขืก ื‘ืึธื•ืก ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– 51, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื ื“ื–ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ืขืก, ืึทืœื˜ 70. ื ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ 1972 ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืงืึทืคึผื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืจื™ืคืœืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜.

ื˜ื™ืึท ืก ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืงืกืขืคึผืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืกืขืœืึทื‘ืจื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืœื™ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ืขืก ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึทืžื™ืœื™ืึทืœ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืึทื•ืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.

ืงื™ื’ืึทืœื™ - ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข

ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึท ื“ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืกืคึผืึทืจืงืก ืกืงืึทื ื“ืึทืœ

- ื ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื ื˜, ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืืคื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทืกื™ืœ, ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืง ืื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึท. ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึทืŸ ื‘ืืืžื˜ืข ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ื“ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื™ื’ืจืึทื ืฅ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ืง ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง. ื“ืขื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึท ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจืึทื ืฅ ืฆื• ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึท ื ืึธืš ืคืจื™ืฉ ืœืขื’ื™ืกืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื”ืึทืกืงืึธืžืข. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ ืขื ืึทืงื˜ืขื“ ืกืึทืคืขื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึท ื‘ื™ืœ ื™ื™ืžื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืจื“ื™ืง ืœืขื’ืึทืœ ื›ืขืจื“ืึทืœื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื ืึทื•ื•ืขื ืึทื“ื ื™ืง ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึท ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืขื.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื™ื ืงืึทืžื™ื ื’ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืกื™ืœ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืœืึธื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ, ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงืก ืึธื ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžืœืขื’ืึทืœ.

ื•ืง ืก ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืึทืจ Kemi Badenoch ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ืขืจื™ ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืึทื– ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึท ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื”ืึทื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื–, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขืึทื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจืึทืœื™ืฉ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืœืึทืกื™ื–.

ื“ื•ืึท ืœื™ืคึผืึท ืื™ื– ืึทื ืจืขืงืึทื’ื ื™ื™ื–ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื˜ืฉื“ ื™ื™ื‘ืจืึทื•ื– ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’ื•ืข

ื“ื•ืึท ืœื™ืคึผืึท ืก ื ื™ื™ึท ืืœื‘ืื "ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืึทืœ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื" ืขืžื‘ืจื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื•ืžื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื’ืจืึธื•ื˜

- ื“ื•ืึท ืœื™ืคึผืึท ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง, "ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืึทืœ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื," ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš Warner Music, ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืงืขืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ึทืคื™ืฉ. ื“ืขื ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืงืึทืคึผื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื“ื™ ืขืกืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื•ื ื’ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึทืึธืก, ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ื˜ืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขื ืืœื‘ืื. ื“ื•ืึท ืœื™ืคึผืึท ื ืขืžื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’, ื‘ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื›ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืคึผืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื˜ืขืžืขืก.

ืกื˜ืขืคึผื™ื ื’ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื›ืกื™ืžืข "ื˜ืึทื ืฅ-ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜" ืกื˜ื™ืœ, "ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืึทืœ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื" ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื“ื•ืกื™ื– ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืงืึทื“ืขืœื™ืง ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธ-ืงื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืœื“ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ื˜ืึธื•ืจืก ืื™ื– ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืกืงื™ื ืคืึทืœื™ ืžื™ืงืกืขืก ื˜ืจื™ืคึผ ื”ืึธืคึผืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืคึผืึธืคึผ, ืฉืึธื•ืงื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืจืึทืคื™ื ื™ืจื˜ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’.

ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืืœื‘ืื, ืœื™ืคึผืึท ืขืžื‘ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืึทืœื™ืฉ ืœืึทื ื“ืกืงื™ื™ืคึผืก, ื–ื™ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธืคึผืฉื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืึธืคึผ ืคืœืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ 2020 ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ "ืคื™ื•ื˜ืฉืขืจ ื ืึธืกื˜ืึทืœื’ื™ืข."

ืžื™ื˜ "ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืึทืœ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื," ื“ื•ืึท ืœื™ืคึผืึท ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธื“ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผื•ืฉื™ื– ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ืงื ืึทืœ ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ. ืื™ืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื– ืึท ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข.

ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืึทื˜ืึทืง ืงืœื™ื™ืžื– ื™ื•ื ื’ ืœืขื‘ืŸ

ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืึทื˜ืึทืง ืงืœื™ื™ืžื– ื™ื•ื ื’ ืœืขื‘ืŸ

- ื 14-ื™ืึธืจ-ืึทืœื˜ ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืกื•ืคืขืจื™ื ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ื˜ ืกื˜ื•ืืจื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ'ืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื–ืื’ื ื“ื™ื’ ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื ืื›'ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ืŸ ืฉืคื™ื˜ืืœื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื”ืึทืจืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜.

ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืื˜ืืœืข ืื˜ืืงืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœืข ืคืืจื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืกื•ืคืขืจื™ื ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืื– ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ืืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื‘ืื“ื™ื™ื˜ื ื“ืข ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืŸ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื’ืขืคืืจ. ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ืžืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’.

ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืกื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืกืฆืขื ืข, ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื“ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื™ืคึฟื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ, ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื. ื“ืขื ืžืึทืงืึทื‘ืจืข ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ. ืื•ื™ื˜ืืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื 36 ื™ืขืจื™ื’ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืืงื˜.

ืคืึธืจืขื ืกื™ืง ื˜ื™ืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ Hainault, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื’ืข ืจืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงื•ื•ืขืจื™ื– ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงื”ืœ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืืžื˜ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

EU ืก ื ื™ื™ึท ืกืคึผื™ื“ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื: ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึท ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜?

EU ืก ื ื™ื™ึท ืกืคึผื™ื“ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื: ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึท ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜?

- ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ 6 ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024, ืึทืœืข ื ื™ื™ึท ืงืึทืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืงืก ืกืึธืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืข ื™ื•ื ื™ืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจื“ืขืจืŸ ื™ืจืขืœืึทื ื“ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืขืจืฅ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืึธืจื ื™ื ื’ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืกืœืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ื˜ืœ. ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฆืึทืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ.

ื“ื™ ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ืข ืงืขื ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืœืœ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื”ื™ืœืฃ (ISA) ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ, ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืงื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’. ISA ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืขืจืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืคึผืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื  ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื ืขืœ.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืืœ ืื™ื’ื ืืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉืคืืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ISA ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืงืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื™ื˜ืืžืื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืืจืžื™ื ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืจ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2015 ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืžืึทื ื“ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ 2022 ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ.

ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืš ืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื– ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืขืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ, ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืขืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช.

ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืึธื•ืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึท ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“: 25 ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทื˜ืขืจื– ื“ื–ืฉื™ื™ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ืึธืจื™ืคื™ืง ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืง

ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืึธื•ืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึท ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“: 25 ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทื˜ืขืจื– ื“ื–ืฉื™ื™ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ืึธืจื™ืคื™ืง ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืง

- ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืึธื•ืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึท, ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ 2015, ื”ืื˜ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืคื™ืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹25 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ื™ื™ืึทืก ืงืจื™ื™ืžื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ, ืฉืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืจืœื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืœื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืกื‘ื•ืจื™. ื“ื™ ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ืžืก ื•ื•ื™ "ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืกื›ื•ื™ืจืข" ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืึทื ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื‘ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–.

ื“ื™ ืืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹2018 ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืžืืœืข ืงืœืื’ืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2020. ืคืจืืฆืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืก ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ ืงืื•ืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืฉืคึผืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืืจ, ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 2022 ืื•ืŸ 2024. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืึทื– ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธื“ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืืข ื“ืขื˜ืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœืŸ.

ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื ืกืคืขืงื˜ืืจ ืึธืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึธืึทื˜ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ 30 ื™ืืจ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืงื˜ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ 14 ืงืœืื’ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ื“ื•ื ื’.

ื“ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืขื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื“ืจืขืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืขืจืงื•ืกืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื–. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ืคึผืขืจืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทื–ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช.

ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ืึทื ืขืจ - ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข

ื“ื™ ื•ืง ื˜ืจื•ืคึผืก ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืขื–ื”

- ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ ื–ืืœืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืขื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื ื™ื™ืขื ืึธืคืฉืึธืจ ื“ืึธืง ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื™ื•. ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืกื™ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืš, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฆื™ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืคึผืก ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืง ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื’ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืคืœืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทื–ื•ื•ื™ื™. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ืžืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทืœื™ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ ืกื•ื ืึทืง, ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืกื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืกื™. ื“ืืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ืื›ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืก ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืจืื ื’ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื•.

ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืงื™ื ื’ื“ืึธื ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ื– ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื• ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืœืขืจื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืคืึทืจืงื ืึทืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืึธืจื™ื“ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ื•ื•ื• ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืงืจื™ื ื“ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืขื–ื”.

UK's Defense Secretary Grant Shapps ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื ืึธืš ื›ื™ื•ืžืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืจื•ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืขื–ื”, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืงืึธืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืข ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื ืขืจืก ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืก.

10 ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืงืกื™ืจ ืœืืก ืื ื“ื–ืฉืขืœืขืก - ืœืืก ืื ื“ื–ืฉืขืœืขืก Times

USC CHAOS: ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืขืกื˜ืึธื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืจืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืŸ

- ื’ืจืึทื ื˜ ืึธื” ืื™ื– ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื™ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื˜ื”ืขืจืŸ ืงืึทืœื™ืคืึธืจื ื™ืึท, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ื›ืึทืžืึทืก ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขื”ืึธืœืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ืกืจืึทืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ COVID-19 ืคึผืึทื ื“ืขืžื™ืง. ืึธื” ื”ืื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืฉื•ืœืข ืคึผืจืึทื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืึทืคึผื›ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื–.

ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืฆืขืจืขืžืึธื ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก 65,000 ืึทื˜ืขื ื“ืึทื ืฅ, ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื™ืœืกื˜ืึธื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืึธื” ืก ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงืึทื“ืขืžื™ืง ื ืกื™ืขื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืงืจื™ื™ืกื™ื–, ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื ื“ืขืžื™ืงืก ืฆื• ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืข ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜. "ืขืก ืคื™ืœื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืกืขืจื™ืœ," ืึธื” ืงืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืจืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืงืจื™ื™ื– ื“ืจืš.

ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทืกื™ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืึทื‘ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืก ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืึทื ืคึผืจืขืกื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–. ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงืœื•ื“ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ืื•ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืึทื ื“ืขืžื™ืง ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงืฉืึทื ื–. ืกื™ื™ืงืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืกื˜ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ืขื ื’ืข ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืขืœืขื•ื•ืึทื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืคึผืจืขืกื™ืข ืจืึทื˜ืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.

ืกืงืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื”ืึธืœืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืคึผืึธืœืขืžื™ืง

ืกืงืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื”ืึธืœืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืคึผืึธืœืขืžื™ืง

- ื“ืขืจ ืกืงืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื—ื•ืžื–ื” ื™ื•ืกืืฃ ื”ืื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืคื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ, ื›ืื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืื›ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ื’ื˜ ื ื“ืจื™ื™-ื™ืขืจื™ื’ืข ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืื–ื ื“ื™ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืงืื˜ื™ืฉืข ื ืืฆื™ืื ืืœืข ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงืื ื˜ืจืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’.

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ Yousaf ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืขื ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืฉืขืคึผืŸ ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืœืึทืกื™ื–. ืืœืก ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืงืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืงืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜.

ืžื™ื˜'ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆื™ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข, ืคืขืœื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ'ืก ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืคืืจืœื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืงืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื–ืึทื’ื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืึท ืคืจื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืงืึธื˜ืœืึทื ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™ื– 2026.

ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืกืงืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืขื ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื•ื•ืขืจื ืึทื ืก, ืคึผืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ Yousaf ืก ืคื™ืจืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทื’ื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจื‘ื™ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจืŸ ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืึทืœื™ื™ื–.

ืกืงืึธื˜ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืึทื ื“: ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ

ืกืงืึธื˜ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืึทื ื“: ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ

- ื“ื™ ืคืืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืฆืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืกืงืื˜ืœืื ื“ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื—ื•ืžื–ื” ื™ื•ืกืืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืžืขื’ืœื™ื›ืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืฆื• ืกื•ืฃ ืึท ืงืึธื•ืึทืœื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืงืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืกืึทื’ืจื™ืžืึทื ืฅ ื”ืื˜ ืกืคึผืึทืจืงื˜ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคืจื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœืŸ. ืึธื ืคื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืกืงืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืึทืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ (SNP), ื™ืึธืกืึทืฃ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืœืึทืžืขื ืขืจื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื–ื™ืก.

ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 2021 ื‘ื•ื˜ืข ื”ื•ื™ื– ืึทื’ืจืขืขืžืขื ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืกื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืกื™ื›ืกืขืš, ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืจืขืคึผืขืจืงื•ืกืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืึธื•ืกืฃ. ื“ื™ ืกืงืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื˜-ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš. ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืืคืื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืงืจืืคื˜ืŸ, ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืข ืืœื™ืื™ืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœื™ืš ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ'ืก ืคืืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืืจื™ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœืื ืก.

ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืจื˜ SNP'ืก ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืขื ืึทืœ ื™ืฉื•ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ'ืก ืคื™ืจืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜. ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืงืึธ-ืคื™ืจืขืจ Lorna Slater ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื˜, "ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืึทื– ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืกืงืึธื˜ืœืึทื ื“ ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ." ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ืฉืึธื“ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืกืึทื’ืจื™ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธ-ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึธืงื•ืก.

ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืงืึธืจื“ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืฆื• ืกืงืึธื˜ืœืึทื ื“ ืก ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืจืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืคึผืœืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ืึทืœืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 2026. ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื’ืึทื•ื•ืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื•ื›ื™ืกื™ื•ื• ืึทืœื™ื™ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื™ืœืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึทื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ.

HOUTHI ืžื™ืกืกื™ืœืข ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืžืึทืจื™ื˜ื™ืžืข ื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื ื–

HOUTHI ืžื™ืกืกื™ืœืข ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืžืึทืจื™ื˜ื™ืžืข ื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื ื–

- ื“ื™ ื”ืึธื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึทืจื’ืขื˜ืขื“ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฉื™ืคืŸ, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืึท ื™ื•. ื”ืึธื•ื˜ื™ ืกืคึผืึธื•ืงืกืžืึทืŸ Yahya Sarea ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืกื™ื–. ืกืขื ื˜ืงืื ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืื– ื“ื™ ืื˜ืืงืข ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืฃ ืžื™ืกืึทืœ ื’ืขืฆื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื• ื™ืึธืจืงื˜ืึธื•ื•ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ, ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืกืขืก ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืคึผื˜ืึทื“ ืคื™ืจ ื“ืจืึธื ืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ืขืžืขืŸ, ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืจืขืฅ ืฆื• ืจืขื’ื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ืžืึทืจื™ื˜ื™ืžืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืข ืฉื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืœื™ื™ื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื•ื˜ื”ื™ ื›ืึทืกื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–. ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜.

ืึทืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืœืึธื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ื ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื“ืขืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืกื˜ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทืจื™ื˜ื™ืžืข ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜. ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื™ืจืžืข Ambrey ืื•ืŸ UKMTO ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื™ึทื ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื”ืึธื•ื˜ื”ื™ ืฉื™ื ืื” ืฆื• ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืข ืฉื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื–ื” ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜

ื•ืง ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืกืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’: ื ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืึทื˜ืึธ ื™ื•ื ื™ื˜ื™

ื•ืง ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืกืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’: ื ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืึทื˜ืึธ ื™ื•ื ื™ื˜ื™

- ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึท ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ ืกื•ื ืึทืง ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืก ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื‘ื•ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜. ืื™ืŸ 2030, ืกืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืขื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 2% ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืคึผ ืฆื• 2.5%. Sunak ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ "ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืืœื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื”," ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ืขืก ืึท "ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกืžืึทื ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ืง ืœืขืึทื“ืขืจืก ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ืึทื˜ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืš ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื™ื•. UK Defense Minister Grant Shapps ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืื˜ื™ื•ื• ื‘ื™ื™ ื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ื’ืข ื ืื˜ื ืกืืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ืืŸ ื“ื™ืกื™.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงืก ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืฆื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืกืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทืจื’ืึทืฅ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“. ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ื ืึทื˜ืึธ ื”ืื˜ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืึทื– ื˜ืจืึทืžืคึผ ืก ืคืขืกื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–.

ื‘ื™ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ืืจืฉืข ืคืจืขืกืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ืึธ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืก ืกื˜ืึธืœื˜ืขื ื‘ืขืจื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ืกื•ื ืึทืง ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื›ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ืงื•ื•ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“. ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืจืขืคึผืจืึทื–ืขื ืฅ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื•ื ื’ ืžืขืจื‘ ื“ื™ืคืขื ืกื™ื– ืงืขื’ืŸ ืขืกืงืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ื˜ืจืขืฅ.

ื•ืง ืก ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืฆื• ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื: ื ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืึทื’ืจืขืกื™ืข

ื•ืง ืก ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืฆื• ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื: ื ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืึทื’ืจืขืกื™ืข

- ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืื ื™ืข ื”ืื˜ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคืขืงืœ ืคืืจ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ยฃ500 ืžื™ืœื™ืืŸ. ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืฆื• ยฃ 3 ื‘ื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื™ืึธืจ. ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืขืงืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ 60 ื‘ืึธื•ืฅ, 400 ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 1,600 ืžื™ืกืึทืœื–, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืžืึทื˜ ืคื™ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืจืึธื•ื ื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกื•ื•ืึทืจื’.

ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ ืกื•ื ืึทืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืึธืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืงืจืึทื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืœืึทื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข. "ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืงืขื’ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืก ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืึทืœ ืืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืึทื•ื•ืจืึทื ื˜ื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืข ืื•ืžื•ืช," ืกื•ื ืึทืง ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ืึธ ืก ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืจืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืจืขืฅ ืฆื• ื ืึทื˜ืึธ ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ื–.

ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืึทืจ ื’ืจืึทื ื˜ ืฉืึทืคึผืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ื•ื™ืขืจืข ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข'ืก ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ืก ืคืขืื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื˜. "ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืคึผืขืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผ ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื–ืขืœืขื ืกืงื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื•ื•ืข ืคืึธืœืง ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฉืœื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข," ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืฉืึทืคึผืก, ืจื™ืคืขืจืžื™ื ื’ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืก ื“ืขื“ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื ืึทื˜ืึธ ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืœืขืœื“ื™ืง.

ืฉืืคืก ื”ืื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืื ื™ืข'ืก ืื•ืžื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืขื ืข ื”ื™ืกื›ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ื•ื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข'ืก ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืืจืงื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ื’ืข ืื’ืจืขืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“.

ื“ื™ ืœืื ื“ืื ืขืจ ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืงืจืืคื˜ ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื™ืืจืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ...

ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ื˜ืฉื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆืืจืŸ: ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืคื™ืจืขืจืก ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืึทืœืŸ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

- ื“ืขืจ ืœืื ื“ืืŸ'ืก ืžืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืงืืžื™ืกืืจ, ืžืืจืง ืจืื•ืœื™, ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ, ื ืื›ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืก ื ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ืขืคืขื ื˜ืœื™ืš ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ" ืงืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื-ืคืืœืขืกื˜ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืื ืกื˜ืจืื ื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ืžืขื ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืจื•ืคืŸ ืจืื•ืœื™'ืก ืจืขื–ื™ื’ื ืืฆื™ืข. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื“ืข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืืžื˜ืข ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจื˜ืข ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“ืืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ื›ืึทืžืึทืก ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜. ืคึผืจืึธ-ืคึผืึทืœืขืกื˜ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืฉืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ืึทืžืึทืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ืกื˜ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฆื• ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ืžืขื ื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ืคืœืื ื™ืจืŸ ื ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœื™ื›ืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“ืืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ื”ืื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื—ื–ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืœืื ื“ืื ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ื’ืข ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืœื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืื˜.

ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืžื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืึทื“ืจืขืก ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืขื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื›ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ, ื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื™ื ืงืœื•ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืก ืจืึทื’ืึทืจื“ืœืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.

ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ: ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ื‘ืึทืงืœืึทืฉ ื ืึธืš ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกื’ืขื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืจื™ืกืงืก

ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ: ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ื‘ืึทืงืœืึทืฉ ื ืึธืš ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกื’ืขื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืจื™ืกืงืก

- ื“"ืจ ื”ื™ืœืึทืจื™ ืงืึทืก, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ืงืึทืœื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื“ื™ืึทื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื˜ืจืขืฅ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกื’ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื–ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทื•ื•ื•ื™ื“ื– ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืฆื”. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื‘ืึทืงืœืึทืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืงื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืฉืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื ื–.

ื“"ืจ ืงืืก ื”ืื˜ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉืคืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ "ืžื™ืกืื™ื ืคืืจืžืืฆื™ืข" ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืื•ื™ืคื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ืžืขื ื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืคึผ ื“ืืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืืžืขื ื˜. ื‘ืื˜ืœืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ ืื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 100 ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข, ื ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ืžืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ืืก ื“"ืจ ืงืืก ื”ืื˜ ืืคื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืืœืก ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืกืงืจืขื“ื™ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ "ืึทื ืคืขืจื’ื™ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ," ืึทืงื™ื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 'ืก ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื’ื ืึธืจื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกื’ืขื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืจื–. ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืึทื˜ืขื“ ื“ืขื‘ืึทื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื›ืขืœื˜ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœื“.

ื‘ืœืึทื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง (1905) - ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข

ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜: ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืœ

- ืคึฟื•ืคึฟืฆืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 1972 ื‘ืœืึทื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง ืžืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจื“ืขืจืŸ ื™ืจืขืœืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืึธื“ืŸ ืงืœืื’ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธืงื•ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ื”ืื˜ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ื™ืง ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™. ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคืืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื‘ืืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืงืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ืืœืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IRA.

ื ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื™ืกืคืืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 2010 ืื– ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืžื‘ืื•ื•ืืคื ื˜ืข ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืคืืจืฉืขืจ ืคืืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ื’ืขืจ ื™ืืจืŸ. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื–, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ, ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ F, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธืงื•ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ื”ืื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื‘ืจื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขืขืŸ ืขืก ืืœืก ื ืคืืจืœื™ื™ืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ. ื“ื–ืฉืืŸ ืงืขืœื™, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ื˜ืื’, ื”ืื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืื ื˜ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืœื™ื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืืจืžื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ืงืื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืœืื ื“.

ื“ื™ ืœืขื’ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผื“ืจื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ," ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืœื™ื™ืžื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 3,600 ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 1998 ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืื’ ืึทื’ืจืขืขืžืขื ื˜, ื”ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืคึผืœื™ ืคึผืจืึทืœ ื ืึธืจื“ืขืจืŸ ื™ืจืขืœืึทื ื“. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธืงื•ืจืึธืจ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ื’ืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืง ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข.

**ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ืกืงืึทื ื“ืึทืœ: ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ืจ ืก ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืจืฅ ืกื™ื›ืกืขืš **

MET POLICE ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ืกืงืึทื ื“ืึทืœ: ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ืจ ืก ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืจืฅ ืกื™ื›ืกืขืš

- ื ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึท ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ โ€œื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึธืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉโ€ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง. ืึทืกืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื˜ ืงืึทืžื™ืฉืึทื ืขืจ ืžืึทื˜ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ "ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื™ื’ืจืขื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ." ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื– ืื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ ืœืื ื“ืืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžืขื’ืœื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื ืขื’ืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืขืก ื“ื•ืจืš ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื ื˜ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืื˜ืขืกื˜ืŸ.**

ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืึท ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ื™ ื“ืื–ื™ืงืข ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืœืื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ืžืก ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืึธืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก. ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ื•ืจืš ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืึธืงืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข.

**ื“ื™ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง, ืžื™ื˜ ืืกืืš ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืจืืคืืœื™ื˜ืืŸ ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ ืœืื ื“ืืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืื˜ื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืงืจืืคื˜'ืก ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื ื‘ืื“ื™ื™ื˜ืขื ืข ืจืขืงืœืืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืกืืฆื™ืืœืข ืžืขื“ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืžื™ื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืจื•ืคืŸ ืคืืจ ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืืจืขืจ ืื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืขื ืคืืจืกืžืขื ื˜ ื‘ืืืžื˜ืข.**

ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ืฉื™ืœ ืก ืคืืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ืœืึธืง: ืึท ืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื™ึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืก ืœืขื’ืึทื˜

ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ืฉื™ืœ ืก ืคืืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ืœืึธืง: ืึท ืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื™ึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืก ืœืขื’ืึทื˜

- ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ืฉื™ืœ, ืœื•ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทืคื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืจืึทื ืกื•ื˜ื”ืขืจืœืึทื ื“, ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืขื™ื ืคึผืึทืœืึทืก, ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ืฉื™ืœ ืก ื‘ืขืจื˜ืคึผืœื™ื™ืก. ื“ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง, ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ืฉื™ืœ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื—ืจื•ื‘ึฟ, ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืงืฉืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ยฃ 500,000 ืฆื• ยฃ 800,000.

ืงืึทืžื™ืฉืึทื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ืฉื™ืœ ืก 80 ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจืกื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ 1954 ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืœืึทืงื•ื•ืึธืจื ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ืฉื™ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืœื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืขืก "ืึท ืžืขืจืงื•ื•ื™ืจื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜," ื‘ืฉืขืช ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทื ืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืคึผื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื—ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”, ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ืคึผื™ืงื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื™ืข "ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ".

ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื  ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ืฉื™ืœ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื˜ ืกื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืจืขืœื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทืงืึทื˜ ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“. Sotheby's ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงืก ืึทื– ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 6 ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜.

ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ืฉื™ืœ ืก ืขืงืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Sutherland ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ืœืขื’ืึทื˜. ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืขืœ ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืึธื’, ืขืก ืจื™ืงื™ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜.

ืคึผืจื™ื ืก ื”ืืจื™, ื“ื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืกืกืขืงืก ื‘ื™ืื’ืจืืคื™ืข, ืคืึทืงืก, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ...

ืคึผืจื™ื ืก ื”ืืจื™ ืก ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜: ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื•ืฅ

- ืคึผืจื™ื ืก ื”ืืจื™ ืก ืžื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืึธืจืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ืฉื•ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ื ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื’ืขืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืœื™ืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคืึทื ื“ืึทื“ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืึทื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ื“ื•ื˜ื™ื–.

ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœืขืžื™ืง ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืจ ื™ืึธืจ, ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืฆืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื™ ืก ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืข ื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึธื•ืจื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืจื•ืก ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผื›ื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœืขืจื“ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืืจ.

ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืŸ, ืคึผืจื™ื ืก ื”ืืจื™ ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜. ืฆื• ืคืืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืืžืฃ, ืžื•ื– ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืคืขืœืื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืื™ื ืืคื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืืคืขืœื™ืจืŸ.

ื“ืขื ืœืขื’ืึทืœ ื˜ืึทืกืœืข ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ืจืึธืœืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ืกืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–.

ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืกื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืึทื ื– ืžืขืจื‘ ื˜ื™ื™ื–: ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ืึทื•ืงื•ืก ืึทืœืœื™ืึทื ืกืข

ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืกื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืึทื ื– ืžืขืจื‘ ื˜ื™ื™ื–: ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ืึทื•ืงื•ืก ืึทืœืœื™ืึทื ืกืข

- ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึท ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื™ืึทืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ Kishida Fumio ื›ื™ื ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืก ืึทืคึผืงืึทืžื™ื ื’ ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ AUKUS ื‘ื•ื ื“. ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืื™ื– "ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ," ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช.

ื“ื™ AUKUS ื‘ื•ื ื“ ื™ื™ืžื– ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืœื™ืข ืก ืกื•ื‘ืžืึทืจื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื. ื“ืึธืก ื™ื ืงืœื•ื“ื– ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืจืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ืง ื“ื™ืคืขื ืก ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืึทืจื™ ื’ืจืึทื ื˜ ืฉืึทืคึผืก ื›ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื˜ืขืง ืงื•ื•ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ.

ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืก ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจืกืึทื ื™ืง ืžื™ืกืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ืฉื™ื“ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื•.

ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ืฉืึทืŸ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืคื™ื™ื– ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืขืจื‘ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ื˜ืจืขืฅ, ืคึผืจืึทืžืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฉืœื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ืง ืงื•ื•ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช.

ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืกืงืึทื ื“ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ UK MP: ื˜ืจืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ืึทื ื™ื˜ืจืึทืคึผ

ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืกืงืึทื ื“ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ UK MP: ื˜ืจืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ืึทื ื™ื˜ืจืึทืคึผ

- ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื•ื•ืจืึทื’, ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜, ื”ืื˜ ืžื•ื“ื” ืฆื• ืœื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื‘ืœืึทืงืžื™ื™ืœ ืกื›ืขืžืข. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื ืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืกืงืึทืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผ ื ืึธืš ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ืคืึธื˜ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื™. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจื ืกื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืœื˜ "ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ" ืื•ืŸ "ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ืจื˜", ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ.

Nigel Farage ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ Wragg ื•ื•ื™ "ืึทื ืคืขืจื’ื™ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ" ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท, ืึทื ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“. ื“ืขืจ ืกืงืื ื“ืืœ ื”ืื˜ ืื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœื™ื›ืข ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืจืื˜ืืงืืœืŸ ืคืืจ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ื‘ืืืžื˜ืข. ื˜ืจืขืึทืกื•ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ Gareth Davies ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืึทื– ืึทืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืขืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท, ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ Wragg ืก ืึทื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืจื™ืึทืกื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช.

ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืงื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืœืึทืงืžื™ื™ืœ Wragg ืื™ื– ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ "ืฉืคึผื™ื– ืคื™ืฉื™ื ื’," ืึท ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืึทื˜ืึทืง ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืฉืขืคึผืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืจื™ื˜ืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืขืกืงืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืกืงืึทืžื– ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืจื™ืกืงืก ืฆื• ื ืืฆื™ืื ืืœืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ื ื˜ ืืœืก ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืงืึธืจื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืึทื ืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืึธืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ืจืขืฅ.

ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜

ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืึทื˜ื˜ืึทืงืงืก ืึทื ืœื™ืฉ ื›ืึทืึธืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ืง ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜: ืœืึธืžื™ื™ืงืขืจื– 'ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื“

- ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืžืคึผ ืœื•ืง ืขื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืึทื˜ืึทืง, ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื ื•ื•ืึธื ื˜ื™ื“ ื™ืงืกืคึผืœื™ืกืึทื˜ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ "ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืœืึทืฉื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข." ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื•ื•ืจืึทื’, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผ.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืคื™ืฉื™ื ื’ ืกืงืึทื ื˜ืึทืจื’ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืžื– ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจื– ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืคืœื™ืจื˜ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก. ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ "ืฉืคึผื™ื– ืคื™ืฉื™ื ื’," ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ื™ื™ืžื– ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก.

ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ืœ Politico ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืึทื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื– ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจื™ื˜ืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื“ื™ ืกืงืึทืžืขืจื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœ ืคึผืจืึธื•ืคื™ื™ืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ "ื˜ืฉืึทืจืœื™" ืึธื“ืขืจ "ืึทื‘ื™" ืฆื• ื˜ืจื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ืžืก.

ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืงื ืึทืกืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืœืึธืžื™ื™ืงืขืจื– ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืฅ.

ื™ืจืึทื ื™ืึทืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ: ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผื•ืจ

ื™ืจืึทื ื™ืึทืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ: ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผื•ืจ

- ื™ืจืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืื ืืœืข ืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ืึทื ื˜, ืคึผืึธื•ืจื™ืึท ื–ืขืจืึทื˜ื™, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืึทืœ ืึทื˜ืึทืงื™ืจื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืจื˜ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืื’. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืข, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืจืžื™ื˜ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืึทืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืก, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื“ืœื™ ืคืืจืœืื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง, ื–ืื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืžื™ื ื™ืง ืžื•ืจืคื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ืงืึธื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ื–ืึทื ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“.

ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืข ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืจืึทื•ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื–ืขืจืึทื˜ื™ ืก ืคืึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื˜ืจืขืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™ืจืึทื ื™ืึทืŸ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื“ ืึท ืงืึธื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ื–ื ื–ืึธื ื“. ื™ืจืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืื ืืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืฅ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจืึทืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืื™ืจืื ืขืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืจื™ืคื™ื™ืฅ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ืžืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜. ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืขื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืืืžื˜ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืคึผื˜ืึทื“ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืงื™ืžื– ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ื˜ืึทืจื’ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื’ื ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืžืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ "ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜-ื‘ืึทืงื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืจืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจืึทืŸ," ื™ืจืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืื ืืœืข ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืขืจืึทืœื™ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืง, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ.

ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”: ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืึทืœ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ

ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืก ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืกื˜ืึธืจืžื– ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื’ืจืึทื: ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ืขื‘ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื‘ื™ื ืข

- ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ืง ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืจืขื–ืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ืก ื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืึทืœ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื‘ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื’ืจืึทื ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืื ื˜ืื’. ื“ื™ ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืึทืœ ื”ื•ื™ื–ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ ืึทื’ืขื ืกื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืึทื ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืก ืขื ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืคึผืœืึธืึทื“ืขื“ 60 ืคืึธื˜ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึธืจ ื ืึทืจื•ื”ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืคึผืจืขืกืก ืžืึทืกืึทืงืึธ ืก ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคืขืจื˜ืœ.

ื“ื™ ืื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืขื•ืœื ืืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืข ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืืคื™ืฆื™ืขืœืข ืคืืจืื ื˜ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืœื™ื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข. ื‘ื™ื™ ืžืื ื˜ืื’ ื ืึทื›ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ Kunaicho_jp ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 270,000 ืื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืจืก. ื“ื™ ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืคื™ื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 22-ื™ืึธืจ-ืึทืœื˜ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืขืก ืึทื™ืงืึธ ืจื™ื ื’ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืึธืจ ืก ื˜ืึธื’.

ื“ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืข ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืก ื”ืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ืขืœ-ืžื•ื”ื˜ืึทื“ืข ื‘ืœืึทื” ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื•ืก. ื ืงืœืขืžืขืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืจื•ื”ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกืŸ ื’ืจื•ืก ืฆื• ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜-ื•ื•ื™ืฉืขืจื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 23 ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคืขืกื˜ื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื–, ืึทืžืึทื•ื–ื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 21,000 ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’.

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœื“. ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืคื™ืจื ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื ื•ื•ืขืœืงืึทืžื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืจืก ื•ื•ื™ Koki Yoneura ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ.

DAWKINS ืคึผื™ืงืก ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืกืœืื: ืึท ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ืึทื˜ื”ืขื™ืกื˜

DAWKINS ืคึผื™ืงืก ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืกืœืื: ืึท ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ืึทื˜ื”ืขื™ืกื˜

- Richard Dawkins, ืึท ืกืขืœืึทื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืจื™ื˜ื•ืก ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ืงืึทืœื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ืึธืงืกืคึฟืึธืจื“, ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืฉืขืจื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื“ื™ืง ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจื”ืึทื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ืกืœืึทืžื™ืง ืื•ืžื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ LBC ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ืก ืจื—ืœ ื–ืฉืื ืกืืŸ, ืขืจ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืึทื– ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืึทื˜ืขื™ืกื˜, ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท "ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขืš" ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœื– ืžืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขืš ื™ื˜ืึธืก.

ื“ืึทื•ื•ืงื™ื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืึทืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทืžืึทื“ืึทืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฅ ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ. ืขืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืื™ื– ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืึทืœืœื™ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืฆืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืึธืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืคื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืข.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง - ืึท ื’ืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ - ื“ืึทื•ื•ืงื™ื ืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทื˜ื™ื“ืจืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขืš ืœืึทื ื“. "ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืกืœืื," ื“ืึทื•ื•ืงื™ื ืก ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืขืžืคืึทื˜ื™ืึทืœืœื™, "ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ."

ืจืขืคืึธืจื ื•ืง ืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื–: ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ื˜ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืกื™ืขืก ื‘ืจืขื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื•ื

ืจืขืคืึธืจื ื•ืง ืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื–: ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ื˜ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืกื™ืขืก ื‘ืจืขื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื•ื

- ืจืขืคืึธืจื ื•ืง ืื™ื– ื’ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื•ื, ืœืึทืจื’ืขืœื™ ืคื™ื•ืึทืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื ืก ืงืขื’ืŸ "ื•ื ื˜ืฉืขืงืงืขื“ ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ," ื•ื•ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืก ื“ืขืคึผื•ื˜ืึทื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Ipsos Mori ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื•ื˜ืฉืขืจ, ืึท ืคึผืจืึธ-ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืง. ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืคืขืจืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’'ืก ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ, ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื ื“ื™ืง ื ืžืขื’ืœื™ื›ืข ืฉื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœืึทื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ืข ืงืขื ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืš.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœืœืก, Nigel Farage ืก ืจืขืคืึธืจื ื•ืง ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืขื ื™ื ื™ื. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืจืขืง ื’ืœืึธืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืึธืจื™ ืคึผืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืขื ื˜ืฉืขืจื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืก ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื“ืขืจ. ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึทื‘ื™ื‘, ื“ืขืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืคืึธืจื ื•ืง, ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ื“ืขื ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ืข.

ืœื•ื™ื˜ Ipsos Mori ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’, 69% ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืึธื ืก ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืึทืœืึทืกื™ื– ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 9% ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืึทื˜ืึทืกืคื™ื™ื“ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื‘ (52%) ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 17% ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ. ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื’ืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื™ื ืึทื“ืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืงืจืึธืกื™ื ื’ื– (54%) ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ (51%). ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจืึทื ืฅ (28%) ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืกื™ืœ ืกื™ืงืขืจื– (25%).

ื”ืึทื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคึฟืจื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง

ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• - ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคืขื“ื™ืข

ื ืขื˜ืึทื ื™ืึทื”ื• ื“ืขืคื™ื™ื– ื™ื•.ืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจ-ืคื™ื™ืขืจ: ื•ื•ืึทื•ื– ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืขื–ื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ื˜ืขื ืกื™ืึธื ืก

- ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืื˜ ืืคืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืจื˜ ื ืจืขื–ืืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืงืื ืกื™ืœ ืคืืจ ื ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืขื–ื”. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ืืœื•ืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืึธ, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ื’ืŸ ื›ืึทืžืึทืก.

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืžืึทืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืกื˜ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจ-ืคื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช, ืขืกืงืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื• ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืึธื ืคื™ืจืŸ. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ ืื– ื ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืขืจื“-ืืคืขื ืกื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื›ืึทืžืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื›ืึทืกื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–.

ื›ืึทืžืึทืก ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœ-ืคึฟืฒึทืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆื™ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœื“ื™ืงืข ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืขื–ื”, ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืจืฒึทื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืœืขืกื˜ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืจืขืกื˜ืึทื ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึธืจืขื•ื•ื ื™ืงืขืก. ื ืคืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจืฉืœืื’, ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืืคื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ืึทืžืึทืก. ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข ื”ืื˜ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื’ืขื˜ืขื ื”ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ื“ืื–ื™ืงืข ืืคื•ื•ืืจื’ ื“ืขืžืื ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื›ืืžืืก'ืก ืžืื ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขื ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ืก-ืจืื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜.

ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืึทื ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืจืขื–ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืงืึธื•ื ืกื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจ-ืคื™ื™ืขืจ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ื›ืึทืžืึทืก ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืกืœื™ ืึธืŸ ื™ื•. ืขืก.

ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืขืจื– ...

ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืก ืึทืคึผืขืœื™ืจืŸ ืงืจืึทืฉื˜: ืœื™ื‘ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง

- ื˜ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ึทืขืก, ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ Citigroup ืื•ืŸ UBS, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจ 44-ื™ืึธืจ-ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ 2015 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ืึทื ืง ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ืงื•ืจืก (ืœื™ื‘ืึธืจ) ืคื•ืŸ 2006 ืฆื• 2010. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืŸ.

ื”ื™ื™ื– ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ 11 ื™ืืจ ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2021. ื˜ืจืืฅ ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ื’ ื“ื•ืจื›ืื•ื™ืก, ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืŸ ื™ื•.ืขืก. ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 2016.

Carlo Palombo, ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืขื•ืจื™ื‘ืึธืจ, ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึทืคึผืขืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืก ืงืึธื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืึทืœ ืงืึทืกืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืงืึทืžื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ืึท ื“ืจื™ื™-ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขื”ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึทืคึผืขืœื™ืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืžื™ืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.

ื“ื™ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืคืจืึธื“ ืึธืคืคื™ืกืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืขืœื™ืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง: "ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื”ืื˜ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜." ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืึทื ืขืจ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืข ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืึทื ืง ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืขืจื–.

JUDGMENT HOUR: Assange's Future Teeters ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

JUDGMENT HOUR: Assange's Future Teeters ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

- ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืืกืื ื“ื–ืฉ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืœืขืืงืก. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื™ืงื˜, ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ 10:30 GMT (6:30 ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื˜), ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ Assange ืงืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืงื•ืจื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื•.

ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ 52, ืื™ื– ืึทืกืึทื ื’ืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืึธื ืึทื–ืฉ ืงืœืื’ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ื˜ืจืืฅ ื“ืขื ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื ืืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืคืจืืฆืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื“.

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขื”ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Assange ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึธื•ืจื˜ ืึธืคึผืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ืึท ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืขืœื™ืจืŸ, ืึทืกืึทื ื’ืข ืงืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืข ืงืึธื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืจืขื›ื˜.

ืกื•ืคึผืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ Assange ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืึทื– ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืกืึทืง ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื•ืก ืกื˜ืขืœืึท ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง "ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก. ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ."

ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœืขืก ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข? ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจืึทื’ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ...

ืงืขื ื™ื’ืœืขืš ืคืึทืžื™ืœื™ืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ื“ื–ืฉ: ืจืึทืง ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ, ื˜ืจืขื˜ืึทื ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ืึทืจื›ื™ืข

- ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืึธื ืึทืจื›ื™ืข ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึท ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืงืจื™ื–ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืขืก ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืœืš ื˜ืฉืึทืจืœืขืก ื•ื•ื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืจืึทืง. ื“ื™ ื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื ืึธืš ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื“ ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”.

ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืึทื’ื ืึธืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืขืก ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืึท ื›ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืงืึธืจื– ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื ื’ืงื™ื ื’ ื‘ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื ืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืกื˜ืขืคึผื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ืึทืจื›ื™ืข.

ืคึผืจื™ื ืก ื”ืืจื™ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœื™ืคืึธืจื ื™ืึท, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืคึผืจื™ื ืก ืขื ื“ืจื• ื’ืจืึทืคึผืึทืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ืกืงืึทื ื“ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืกืึธื•ืกื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืžืœื›ึผื” ืงืึทืžื™ืœืœืึท ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทื ื“ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžืึธื ืึทืจื›ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืขืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™.

ืžืœืš ื˜ืฉืึทืจืœืขืก III ื”ืื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ืึทืจื›ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ ืื™ืŸ 2022. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ืึทืœื– ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื“ื•ื˜ื™ื– - ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœืขืจื– ืคืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืคื™ืœืข ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ื“ืจื•ืง.

ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืก ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื™ื˜ื™ ืคืขืจ

ื“ื™ ืึทื ืคึผืจืขืกื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“: ื“ื™ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืึทืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืกืคึผืจืขื“ ืึทื•ื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–

- ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืžืึทืš, ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืœืึธืกืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืก ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ื˜ืึทืจื’ืขื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืก ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื›ื™ื™ื“ืจืึธื•ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื•ืคืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื•ื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืžื“ ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืืืžื˜ืข ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืื’.

ื“ืขืจ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื, ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ื’ืึทืœื•ืฉื˜ืฉืขื ืงืึธ, ืคึผื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื“ ืึท ื’ืจืึธื‘ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข, ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึธื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทืงืขื˜ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืก ื•ื•ื™ "ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืึธื ืคืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข." ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืกืคึผืขืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืฆื™ืœ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ื“ื™ืกืจืึทืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืก ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืก ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ืคึผืจืึธ ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข - ืึท ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข 'ืก ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ - ื–ืึทืคึผืึธืจื™ื–ืฉื–ืฉื™ืึท ื ื•ืงืœืขืึทืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืก. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง 750-ืงื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืœื™ื ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืขื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผ ืœื™ื ื™ืข ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืง, ื‘ืืืžื˜ืข ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ื™ืง ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ื™ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง.

ืฆื•ื ื’ืœื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื˜ืืงืขืก, ืคืืจืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœื™ื›ืข ืงืื˜ืืกื˜ืจืืคื™ืฉืข ืคืืจืคืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ืขื ื™ืืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืื›ืื•ื•ืงื ื“ืื ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืื–ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืก - ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื™ื–.

ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืก ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื™ื˜ื™ ืคืขืจ

ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืึทื ืœื™ืฉื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืึทืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ: ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืึทืคื˜ืขืจืžืึทื˜

- ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื”ืื˜ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืื˜ืืงืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข'ืก ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื™ื ืคืจืืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืกืคึผืจืขื“ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื•ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืžื“ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื“ื™ ืึทืคืขื ืกื™ื•ื•, ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืจืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทืงืึทืฅ, ื˜ืึทืจื’ืขื˜ืขื“ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืก ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื›ื™ื™ื“ืจืึธื•ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืง.

ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ืคึผืจืึธ ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื˜ืจืืคืŸ ื‘ืขืช โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืื˜ืืงืขืก. ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ืคืืจื–ืืจื’ื˜ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจืข ืงืจืืคื˜ ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืข โ€” ื“ื™ ื–ืืคืืจื™ื–ืฉื–ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจ ืคืื‘ืจืขื ื˜. ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ 750-ืงื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืœื™ื ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืข, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ, Rafael Grossi. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผ ืฉื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’.

ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืคึผืึธืจื™ื–ืฉื–ืฉื™ืึท ื ื•ืงืœืขืึทืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืข ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื™ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขื ืึทืœืึทืจืžื™ื ื’ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืก ื›ื™ื™ื“ืจืึธื•ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ื™ืง ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ืคึผืจืึธ ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข.

ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ืกืจืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ืฆื™ื ื’ืœ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืคืœืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืก ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืึทื ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื›ืึธื•ื•ืงืึท ืงืึทืœืึทืคึผืกื˜. ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึธื•ื•, ื–ืึทืคึผืึธืจื™ื–ืฉื–ืฉื™ืึท ืจืขื’ื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช ืึทื›ื˜ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื™ื– ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืก ืึทื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–.

Vaughan GETHING ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืื– ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’

Vaughan GETHING ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืื– ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’

- Vaughan Gething, ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœืฉืขืจ ืคืื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืžื‘ื™ืึทืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื˜ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸึพืจืขื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืขืจ-ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืจืขืงืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขืจืขืžื™ ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฆื• ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ื’ืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืืจืง ื“ืจืึทืงืขืคืึธืจื“.

ื’ืขื˜ื”ื™ื ื’, ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืžื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืฉ ืขืงืื ืืžื™ืข ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขื˜ื”ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืงื™ื•ืจื“ 51.7% ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื™ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืึทื ื–. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ื•ื•ืืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืฉ ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜ - ื•ื•ื• ืœื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ - ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœืขืก 'ื ืึทืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืœืขื’ื™ืกืœืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 1999.

ืžื™ื˜ Gething ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื™ื˜-ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ืคื™ืจืขืจ: ืคึผืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ ืกื•ื ืึทืง ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžืขืจื™ื™ึท ืื™ื ื“ื™ืึทื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขืจื™ื˜ืึทื’ืข ื‘ืฉืขืช ืกืงืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ Humza Yousaf ืฉื˜ืึทืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืงื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื™ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืึทืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืคื™ื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืคึผืจืขืกื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ื–ื›ืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง.

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื•ืžืฃ ืคื•ืŸ Gething ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืคื™ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืกื™ืžื‘ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ืึทื– ืึท ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ืฆื• ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคื™ืจืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข. ืฐ ื™ ืข ืจ ื”ื ื˜ ืื™ ืŸ ื–ืฒ ืŸ ืจืขื“ืข , ืฐื ืก ืข ืจ ื”ื ื˜ ื–ื™ ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆืฒื›ื ื˜ , ื’ืขื“ืืจืค ื˜ ื“ื™ื ืข ืŸ ืืœ ื ืดื

ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ - ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข

ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืก ื™ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ื•ื ื’: ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืกืึทื•ื•ืจืึทื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–

- ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ื•ื•ืืจืขื ื•ื ื’, ื”ืื˜ ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื– ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืื ื•ืฆื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจืข ื•ื•ืืคืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ื”ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ืกื›ื ื”. ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœื™ื›ืข ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ืžืขื ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจืขื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ืœื™ื›ืข ื•ื•ืืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืš ื•ื•ืื• ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื ืืš ื ื–ืขืงืก ื™ืืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ.

ื‘ืขืช ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืœืขื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืข ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“'ืก ื ื•ืงืœืขืึทืจืข ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืื– ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ-ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืืก ืคืืœืง ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืืงืฆื™ืข.

ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜, ืื– ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื”'ืก ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื•ื•ืขื ืงืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื•ืงืœืขืึทืจืข ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื˜ืจืืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึทื•ื•ืจืึทื ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜".

ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืžืื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจืข ื•ื•ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2022. ืื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืœืคืขืœื“ ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจืข ื•ื•ืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข ื‘ืขืช'ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•, ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืืจ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืจืืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ.

ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืึทื’ืขื ื“ืึท ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ: Ofgem ื•ื•ืึธืจื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืžืึทืกืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื”ืึทื›ื ืึธืกืข ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก

ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืึทื’ืขื ื“ืึท ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ: Ofgem ื•ื•ืึธืจื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืžืึทืกืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื”ืึทื›ื ืึธืกืข ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก

- ื“ื™ ืึธืคืคื™ืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื’ืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข ืžืึทืจืงืขืฅ (Ofgem) ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœืื–ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืขืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืื ื˜ืื’. ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืจืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ืฆื• ืึท "ื ืขืฅ ื ื•ืœ" ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ื™ืžื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืขืงืื ืืžื™ืข ืงืขืŸ ื•ืžื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื”ืึทื›ื ืึธืกืข ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก. ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืคืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’-ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืคืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืงื™ื™ืจืึทืงืึทื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ 50%, ืึทืžืึทืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ยฃ 3 ื‘ื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ. Ofgem ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืจื™ื–ื™ืœื™ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืึทื•ืกื›ืึธื•ืœื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ืฉืึทืงืก. ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืจื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ืขืฅ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืขืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœืึทื›ืึธื“ื™ืž ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ.

ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ืฉื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทืฆื™ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• "ืฉืึทืจืžื– ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜, ืคื™ื™ึทื›ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื," ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื™ืฉื•ื– ืจื™ื™ืฅ.

Tim Jarvis, Ofgem ืก ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืขืกืงืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื“ ืกื˜ืจืึทื’ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืฉืึทืงืก. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื– ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจื™ืคึผื™ื™ืžืึทื ื˜ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“.

ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ ืึธืคืคื™ืกืข ืื•ืžืจืขื›ื˜: ื“ืึธ ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ

ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ ืึธืคืคื™ืกืข ืื•ืžืจืขื›ื˜: ื“ืึธ ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ

- ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืจืขืงื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืก ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืžื™ืกืงืขืจืึทื“ื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ. ื ื ื™ื™ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื•ื•ืืš ืฆื™ืœื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคืืกื˜ ืืคื™ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ ืžืึทื ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืขื ื’ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื–.

ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ ืกื•ื ืึทืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกืขืฆ - ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ "ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ" ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ืงืึธื ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ืขื“ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืœืึธื“ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธืŸ. ื“ื™ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืจืืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืงื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืงืื ื“ืืœ, ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืœืื ื’ืข ืคืืจืฉืคืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ื™ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’.

ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ืœื™ื›ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ, ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ืืงื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืžืื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ืงืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜-ืึธื•ื ื“ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ ืึธืคืคื™ืกืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกืขืงื•ื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 1996 ืื•ืŸ 2018 ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœืฉ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’.

ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 700 ืกื•ื‘ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกื™ืงื™ื•ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืžืึทื ืึทืœื™ ืงืึธื ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ืขื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 1999 ืื•ืŸ 2015 ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉ. ื™ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจื ื“ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืขืจืึทื ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ยฃ 600,000 ($760,000). ืขื ื›ืึทื ืกื˜ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธื ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ืขื“.

ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ - ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข

ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืก ื™ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ื•ื ื’: ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืกืึทื•ื•ืจืึทื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืงืึธืก

- ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืข ื•ื•ืืจืขื ื•ื ื’, ื˜ืขื ื”ื ื“ื™ื’ ืื– ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจืข ื•ื•ืืคืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ื”ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ื’ืขืคืืจ. ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ืžืขื ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ืœื™ื›ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืš, ื•ื•ืื• ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืืš ื ื–ืขืงืก ื™ืืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ.

ื‘ืขืช ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื˜ืขืœืขื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืข ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“'ืก ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจืข ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืื– ื“ืืก ืคืืœืง ืื™ื– ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืœื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจื™ื–ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจืข ืืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืขื˜ืึทื ื“.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื˜ืจืขืฅ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2022, ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœืคื™ืœื“ ื™ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืคึผืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜.

ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื• ื‘ื™ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ึทืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขืกืงืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื ืื– ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืืงืฆื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœื™ืš ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ื ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจืข ืงืื ืคืœื™ืงื˜.

Theresa May - ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข

ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ Theresa May: ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜

- ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืขืกื ืžื™ื™ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืคืœืขื ืขืจ ืฆื• ืจืขื–ื™ื’ื ื™ืจืŸ ืืœืก ื ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœืืžืขื ื˜. ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืขื˜ืข ื•ื•ืืœืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ 27-ื™ืึธืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ืคึผืึทืจืœืึทืžืขื ืขืจื™ ืจื™ื™ื–ืข.

ืžื™ื™ึท, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจื‘ื™ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืจืขืงืกื™ื˜ ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืกืงืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื˜ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืฉืงืœืึทืคึฟืขืจื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผื™ื ื’ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืžืึทื™ื“ื ื”ืขืึทื“ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ืฉื•ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ.

ืื™ืจ ื˜ืขื ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืจืขืงืกื™ื˜-ื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื›ืขืจื“ืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜-ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธื ืึทืœื“ ื˜ืจืึทืžืคึผ. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช, ื–ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืงื‘ืขื ื˜ ืœืขื’ื™ืกืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ืคึผืจืขืžื™ืขืจืฉื™ืคึผ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ืจื™ื™ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืกืึทืงืกืขืกืขืจื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืขืจืงื•ืกืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขืงืกื™ื˜.

ืžื™ื™ ืก ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื ื’, ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืึธืจืึทื“ื™ืฉ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ืžืขืจ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœื™ืกื˜ ืกืึทืงืกืขืกืขืจื– ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื–ืฉืื ืกืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง.

Theresa May - ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข

Theresa May ืก SWAN SONG: ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ื ืึธืš 27 ื™ืึธืจ ืกื˜ื™ื ื˜

- ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืขืกื ืžื™ื™ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืคืœืขื ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืœื™ื˜ื™ืง. ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ 27-ื™ืึธืจ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืงืœื•ื“ื– ืึท ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ื“ืจื™ื™-ื™ืึธืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืง ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขืงืกื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ื–ื™ืก. ื“ื™ ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจ.

ืžื™ื™ ื”ืื˜ ืจืขืคืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ Maidenhead ื–ื™ื ื˜ 1997 ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื‘ืœืขืš ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืึทืŸ, ื ืึธืš ืžืึทืจื’ืึทืจืขื˜ ื˜ืึทื˜ืฉืขืจ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ืกื›ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื˜ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืฉืงืœืึทืคึฟืขืจื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผื™ื ื’ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ึท, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืจื™ื™ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืคึผ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ืฉื•ืึทื ืฅ.

ืื™ืจ ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืฉื™ืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืขืงืกื™ื˜-ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช, ืงืึทืœืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืจืขื–ืึทื’ื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 2019 ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืœืึทืžืขื ืขืจื™ ื”ืึทืกืงืึธืžืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ืื™.ื™ื•. ื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผืžืึทืš. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื–ื™ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืžืืœื˜-ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธื ืึทืœื“ ื˜ืจืึทืžืคึผ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจืขืงืกื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืขืก.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ืžื™ื™ึท ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคึผืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืก ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ื–ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืงื‘ืขื ื˜ ืœืขื’ื™ืกืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ืจื™ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืจืขืคึผืขืจืงื•ืกืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขืงืกื™ื˜.

ืคืืจื‘ืืจื’ืŸ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื: ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ืกืคึผื™ืœื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื–

ืคืืจื‘ืืจื’ืŸ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื: ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ืกืคึผื™ืœื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื–

- ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื“ื™ืง ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ื˜ืฉืึทื ืกืขืœืœืึธืจ ืึธืœืึทืฃ ืฉืึธืœืฅ ืึทื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืœืึธื•ื–ื“ ืึทื– ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ึทืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืคึผืก ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื. ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืจืึทืก ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืกืึทืœื–. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืฉืึธืœืฅ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจื•ืคึผืก ืื•ื™ืคื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’-ืจื™ื™ื’ืข ืžื™ืกื™ืœืก ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืงืจืึทื™ึดื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžื•ืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืขืกืงืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“.

ื ืืš ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ Scholz, ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ืงื˜ืข ืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜-ืจืึทื ื’ืงื˜ ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืืžื˜ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื. ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกืฅ ืึทื– ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจืกืขืก ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืจื’ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืกืึทืœื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ื˜ืึทืจื’ืึทืฅ. ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ืคืขื ืก ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ื•ื ื”ืื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’, ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ืึทื ืึทื ืกืขืจื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืขื“ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืœืขื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ืงื˜ ืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ, ื‘ืขืจืœื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื•ื ืคึผืœื™ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ "ื“ื™ืกื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ". Miguel Berger, ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืœืื ื“'ืก ืืžื‘ืืกืื“ืืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืื ื™ืข, ื”ืื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืืœืก "ื ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ ืื˜ืืงืข" ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื‘ ื‘ื•ื ื“. ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ึทืš.

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื– ืคืจืื’ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืฉื•ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืงืึธืจื– ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“ ืก ืกื™ื™ื›ืœื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“.

ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื ืขืžืฆืึธื•ื• - ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข

ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืก ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ืงืขืจ: ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืึทืจื™ืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ืึทืจื™ืึทืŸ - ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“

- ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื ืขืžืฆืึธื•ื• ืก ืึทืกืึทืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2015, ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผืขืก ืจื™ืคึผืึทืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 50,000 ืžื•ืกืงืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืึธืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืึทืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2024, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื˜ื•ืžืœ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืขืกืฅ. ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื– ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืก ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ - ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื˜ืึธืœืขืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืึทืœ ืงืจืึทืฉื™ื ื’ ืขืก.

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืึทื™ึดื ืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืขืกื˜ืŸ, ืคึผืจืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืข ื˜ื•ืจืžืข ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืข. ื“ืขืจ ืงืจืขืžืœื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืจืขื›ื˜ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ืึทื•ื˜ืœืขืฅ, ื™ื™ื“ืœ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ LGBTQ + ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ืก. ืึธืœืขื’ ืึธืจืœืึธื•ื•, ืงืึธ-ืคืืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ืึทืœ - ืึท ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืจืขื›ื˜ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข - ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืจืึทื ื“ื™ื“ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท "ื˜ืึธื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ืึทืจืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜".

ืื•ืจืœืื•ื• ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื ื”ืืœื‘ ื™ืืจ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข ืคืืจ'ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืืงืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ืืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ืžืขื ื˜. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ืึทืœ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ 680 ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืข.

ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ OVD-Info ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื ืื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜

ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ ืกืงื™ื•ื•ืึทืจื“: ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœืขืก ืงืจืึธื ืœื™ืคืฅ ืคืจื•ื™ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืขืจื“

ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ ืกืงื™ื•ื•ืึทืจื“: ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœืขืก ืงืจืึธื ืœื™ืคืฅ ืคืจื•ื™ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืขืจื“

- ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืึทืŸ ื™ื•ื–, ืึท 71-ื™ืึธืจ-ืึทืœื˜ ืคืจื•ื™, ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทื ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ื˜ืึทื ื’ื’ืึทืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื“ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ืงืจืึธื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœืขืก.

ื™ื•ื–, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืœื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธื ื ืขื‘ืŸ ืงืึทืจื“ื™ืฃ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทื ื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜. "ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง "ืคืœื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ื›ืขืง!", ื”ืื˜ ื™ื•ื– ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜. ื ืฉื ืขืœ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ 12 ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก ืกื•ืกืคึผืขื ื“ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜, ื™ื•ื– ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื—ื•ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืก ืึทืœืข. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืึท ืจืขืœื™ืขืฃ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟืึทืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ.

ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืงืขืคึผืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืœื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 'ืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืก. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืงืœืขืžืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืขืจื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข X ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ืคืขืจื™ืฉ ื˜ืึทื’ืœื™ื ืข: "ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ, ืงื•ื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื“ื™ืœื–! ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืจืึธื ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ - ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ืกืึทื–!

ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก ื”ืืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ: ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“-ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื“ืจื™ื™

ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก ื”ืืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ: ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“-ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื“ืจื™ื™

- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“-ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜, ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคืึธืงืก ื ื™ื•ื– ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื›ืึทื ื’ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืื ื’ืจืขืก. ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ืขื–ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ? Kenneth J Braithwaite, ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจืืžืค ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ืืžื‘ืืกืื“ืืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ืืจื•ื•ืขื’ื™ืข, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข'ืก ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจืœื“ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ.

ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ื–ื ืื™ื– ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, "ื•ื•ืืจื ื˜ ื‘ืจืึทื™ื˜ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข. ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึทื– ื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื– ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื ืข ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื™, ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื™ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื™ื– ื–ื™ืš-ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืฅ. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื ืขืจืฉื™ืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืึทืจื™ืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื–.

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื–ื™ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื ืึทืกื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืขื”ืึธืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทื’ื ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืกืขืก ื“ืขืคืขืงื˜ืขื“. ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขื ืข ืงืื ื˜ืขืจ ืื˜ืืงืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข'ืก ืงืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืืคืขื ืกื™ื•ื•. ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืื’ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’, ื”ืื˜ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื‘ืื ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื•-ืขืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ืข ืืคืžืืš ืคืืจ ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื˜ืจืื ืกืคืืจื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื˜ืื˜ ืื ืฉื˜ืื˜ ืื ื˜ืืŸ ืืŸ ืื˜ืืงืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข.

ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข, ื”ืื˜ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืื–ื˜ ืืŸ ืื™ืžืคืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืืœ ืืคืขืจืืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืขืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืฉื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ื™ื - ื ืกื˜ืจืื˜ืขื’ื™ืฉืข ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ื•ื•, ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืงืขืจื™ื“ืืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืคืœื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ

WW2 ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืข ืึทื ืขืจื˜: ืžืึทืกื™ื•ื• ื™ื•ื•ืึทืงื™ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ื” ืกืคึผืึทืจืงืก ืžื•ืจื

WW2 ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืข ืึทื ืขืจื˜: ืžืึทืกื™ื•ื• ื™ื•ื•ืึทืงื™ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ื” ืกืคึผืึทืจืงืก ืžื•ืจื

- ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ื”, ื“ืขื•ื•ืึธืŸ, ืกื˜ืึทืžื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื“ืื ืขืจืฉื˜ืื’. ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื ืขืจื˜ื˜ ืึท 500 ืงื’ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ืคึผืœื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ื”, ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฆื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื™ื ืงืก ืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช.

ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœื™ื›ืข ืื ื˜ื“ืขืงื•ื ื’, ื”ืื˜ ืคืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉืคืืจื˜ ื 300-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกื•ื ื’ ื–ืื ืข ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ืื ืข ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืœืื ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืžืึทืจืฉืจื•ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื™ื ื•ื•ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคืขืจืกืื ืืœ ืคืœืื ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžื‘ืข ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื. ื“ืขื˜ืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืžืกืชึผืžื ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ืจื‘ื™ื™ ื”ืึธืžืขืก.

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืงื™ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืืจืžื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืึทืœ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืืงืืœืข ืื•ื™ื˜ืืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืฆื• ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜.

ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ HM Coastguard ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืกืงื™ื• ืžืึธื•ื‘ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื”ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื•ืึทืงื™ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื•ืคื“ืขืงื•ื ื’.

UNIFORMS STIFLE ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 'ืก ืขืงืกืขืจืกื™ื™ื–: ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืงืึธื“ืขืก ื›ืึทืžืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜

UNIFORMS STIFLE ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 'ืก ืขืงืกืขืจืกื™ื™ื–: ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืงืึธื“ืขืก ื›ืึทืžืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜

- ื ืคืจื™ืฉ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื™ื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืขืจื ื–. ืขืก ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกืฅ ืึทื– ืฉื•ืœืข ื™ื•ื ืึทืคืึธืจืžื– ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’, ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ืฉื•ืœืข ื™ื•ื ืึทืคืึธืจืžื– ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืงื™ื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืจืขืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 5 ืฆื• 17 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ 135 ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ. ืขืก ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื• ืฉื•ืœืข ื™ื•ื ืึทืคืึธืจืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข (WHO) ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืง-ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 16% ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขื ืคืึธืจืกื™ื ื’ ื™ื•ื ืึทืคืึธืจืžื– ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึทืžืคึผืก ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขืŸ ืึทื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ืฆื™ืง ืœื™ื™ืคืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืึทืคืึธืจืžื– ื”ืึทื ื˜ื™ืง, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 'ืก ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืขืกืงืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืึทื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืึทื‘ื™ืกืึทื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืœื“ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืขืžืคืึทืกื™ื™ื–ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉื•ืœืข ืคึผืึทืœืึทืกื™ื–.

ASYLUM-SEEKER ืงืึธื ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ืขื“: ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ืงืึธื ืกืขืงื•ื•ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ื˜ืฉืึทื ื ืขืœ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ

ASYLUM-SEEKER ืงืึธื ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ืขื“: ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ืงืึธื ืกืขืงื•ื•ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ื˜ืฉืึทื ื ืขืœ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ

- ืžืื ื˜ืื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืจืึทื”ื™ืžืึท ื‘ืึทื”, ืึทืŸ ืึทืกื™ืœ-ื–ื•ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขื ืขื’ืึทืœ, ืงืึธื ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืคืœื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื“ื™ื ื’ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 40 ืžื™ื™ื’ืจืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึฟืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ืง, ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฃ ืงืึทืคึผืกื™ื–ืขื“ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืœื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื–.

ื“ื™ ืคืจืืงื•ืจืืจืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื ื’ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืืกื™ื’ ืคืืจ ืื–ื ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืคื•ืœืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืื ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ืก ืขืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผืžืขื ื˜. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ืจื™ืกืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ืจื™ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ, ื‘ืึทื” ืคึผืขืจืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ืง ื•ื•ืืกืขืจืŸ.

ื‘ืึทื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืœืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคืœ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืงืœืื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืื ืฆืœืื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืืœ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ืข ืงืขื ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืš

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืกื™ื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืฆื• ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ ืกื•ื ืึทืง ืก ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจื™ืฉ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจืึทื ืฅ ืฆื• ืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง.

ื™ื•

ื™ื•

- ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื˜ื”ื™ืก, ื ืจืขื‘ืขืœ ื’ืจื•ืคืข ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืžืŸ, ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ืœื˜ ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืœ ื˜ืื ืงืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืืžืขืŸ ืคืืœื•ืงืก, ืื™ื ืขื ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืกื™ืœืก. ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ (CENTCOM), ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืงืœืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฃ ืื™ื– ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื ื™ืฉ ืึธื•ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทื ืึทืžืึท.

ืกืขื ื˜ืงืื ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ื•ื˜ื™ ืงืื ื˜ืจืืœ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืื ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืฃ ื‘ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืกื™ืœืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ืึทื– ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกืึทืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• MT Pollux.

ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืœื•ืžื™ื ื’ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข, CENTCOM ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืึทื ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ืฃ ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืกืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืึทื ืžืึทื ื“ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืฉื™ืฃ ืœืึธื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืคืืกื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ืืŸ'ืก ืจืขืงืœืืกื™ืคื™ืงืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื˜ื”ื™ืก ืืœืก ื ื˜ืขืจืืจ ื’ืจื•ืคืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืืคื™ืฆื™ืขืœ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืขื ืข ืกืื ืงืฆื™ืขืก.

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืงืึธืจื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืœ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืืกืขืจืŸ. ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืึทืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ืึธืŸ ืก ื”ื™ืกื›ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืจืขืจื™ื–ืึทื ื’ืœืึธื•ื‘ืึทืœื™.

McCANN ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื™ื™ืกืึทื– ื˜ืจื™ื™ืœ: ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืข

McCANN ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื™ื™ืกืึทื– ื˜ืจื™ื™ืœ: ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืข

- ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขืš ื‘ืจื•ืงื ืขืจ, ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื“ืขืœืขื™ื ืข ืžืึทืงืึทืŸ ืคืึทืœ, ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืื’. ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื–? ื ื™ื˜-ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืกืขืงืกื•ืึทืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื“ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื•ื’ืึทืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 2000 ืื•ืŸ 2017.

ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืืฆืขืก ืื™ื– ืืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ื’ืข ื•ื•ืืš, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื ื˜ืขื ื” ื•ื•ืืก ื“ื™ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืื“ื•ื•ืืงืื˜ Friedrich Fรผlscher ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื ืœื™ื’ื ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึทื–ื™ืœื™ืึทืŸ ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื“ื–ืฉืึทื™ืจ ื‘ืึธืœืกืึธื ืึทืจืึธ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืืฆื™ืืœ ืžืขื“ื™ืข.

ื‘ืจื•ืงื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืฉืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• 2005 ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื•ื’ืึทืœ. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืงืึทืŸ ืก ื“ื™ืกืึทืคึผื™ืจืึทื ืก, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ.

ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ-ื™ืึธืจ ื–ืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืจื•ืงื ืขืจ ืก ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืึทืœ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืžื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืึทืŸ ืคืึทืœ.

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจื™ืคื™ืœ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืึธืคึผ

BODY SHOP ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื•ืžื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜: ื™ื ืกืึทืœื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืงืจื™ื–ื™ืก

- ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคึผ, ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืกืžืขื˜ื™ืงืก ื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ื”ืื˜ ืขื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกืึทืœื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก. ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืš ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืจืื ื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ื’ื“ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคึผ, ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 1976 ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธื, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืก ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื™ืงืึธื ื™ืง ื”ื•ื™ืš ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืจืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืขืจืก. ืื™ืฆื˜, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื›ืึทื ื’ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื’.

FRP, ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืึธืคึผ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืžื™ืกืžืึทื ื™ื“ื–ืฉืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื•ื ืขืจื– ื”ืื˜ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืึทืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืขื ื“ืขื“ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข. ื“ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื’ื–ืึทืกืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืœืึทื›ืึธื“ื™ืž ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ.

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืžืขืœื“ืŸ, ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข Aurelius ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืึธืคึผ. Aurelius, ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ืจืึทื’ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก, ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

Anita Roddick ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทืŸ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ 1976 ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจื™ื–ืึทื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ. ืจืึธื“ื™ืง ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ "ืžืœื›ึผื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืŸ" ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืจื™ื™ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืขื ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื ืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืกื™ื–. ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืœืขื’ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืขื˜ืึทื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึธื ื’ืึธื™ื ื’ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ.

ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื™ื™ึทืœ ืจื•ื™ื˜

ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื

ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื ื˜ ืงืจืึธืกื™ื ื’ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ

- 748 ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืืœืข ืžื™ื™ื’ืจืื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืคื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืื ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืื’, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ื ื™ื™ืขื ืจืขืงืืจื“. ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ ืฆื• 6,265, ื“ื•ื•ืึธืจืคื™ื ื’ ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืืคืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืžืขื ื˜ืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคืื˜ืจืืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ. ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงืก ืคึฟืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทื ืคื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.

ืคืจืขืžื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ ืกื•ื ืึทืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืžื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ. ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืึธืจืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœ ื’ืœื™ืง ืืœื ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืึทืจื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜.

Nigel Farage ืฆื™ื˜ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื–ื™ืก, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ื”ืื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืกื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืขืจืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ.

ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืืก